So, looking at the mess in Ukraine, what's my take?
The upside: Putin is apparently not the type for strategic surprise attacks. This calms my fears for NATO, as Russia could only hope to succeed with an aggression in the Baltic if it attacks by surprise. I am very pleasantly surprised about this.
Why did Western policy fail in Ukraine? In short; it was half-assed. No great power signed and ratified a bilateral alliance treaty with Ukraine to cover it until a much longer (and more overt from the beginning) NATO accession process could be concluded. Either draw Ukraine into the West or don't, half-assed measures are prone to disappoint.
So what did Russia do? The Russian Federation with Putin as de facto dictator (voting him out of office is not really an option for Russians) violated international law (Charter of the United Nations and more) by becoming aggressive against Ukraine in 2014 and occupying parts of its territory. It's thus an aggressor and occupier comparable to Iraq 90/91, Israel since 1967, Turkey since 1974 (a NATO member and I don't see any sanctions), Morocco since 1975, the U.S., UK and Poland in 2003 for a difficult to determine duration.
As you might have spotted, only one country on that list was beaten up (repeatedly) for the offence. All others officially got away, typically due to protection courtesy by the UNSC veto feature.
This is the problem: The West routinely expects non-Western countries (especially governments it doesn't like) to adhere to international law and paints them as evil when they don't (and often does so even only because there are expectations such as Iran never having violated the NPT, but still being assailed constantly). Yet International Law doesn't seem to feel all that binding and imperative to Western great power policy, or even only to its proxies.
Do as I say, not as I do.
A great attempt was made to build a world based on international law and order in 1944 with the founding of the United Nations. The 1991 war to hand back Kuwait to its kleptocrat-tyrant was widely perceived as a most promising effort to enforce such a rule of international law in the post-Cold War era.
Yet the Americans did not scale back their (since the trigger-happiness of Reagan in the 1980's) habitual aggressions; they bombed Afghanistan, Bosnian Serbs (with Brits and Frenchmen), Sudan and Iraq (repeatedly, but with little munitions) in the short 1992-1998 time frame. None of this was legal under international law, and there wasn't even the slightest hint of fig leaf legality in the bombing of the Bosnian Serbs around Sarajevo.
Meanwhile, the NATO bureaucrats and allied politicians worked hard to keep NATO "relevant" after its original purpose became obsolete; a defensive alliance was re-worked into an intervention/war adventure club.
Then came the 1999 Kosovo Air War, preceded by a multinational campaign of lies. There was no genocide, period. The Kosovars' intent to become independent was legitimate, but the Serbs-run governments' police, paramilitary and military actions against the violent independence movement were legal under international law and an ordinary response. The conflict happened in the context of the earlier genocidal massacre committed by Serbs at Srebrenica in Bosnia and thus the Western public was fairly easily convinced and swayed by the lie of an alleged ethnic cleansing/genocide in Kosovo (I was fooled back then as well, and never again since).
Almost all Western powers of note participated in this aggression against Yugoslavia, which was blatantly against international law. The recognition of Kosovo's independence years later and ongoing Western troops presence to keep it that way provided blueprints that were later used by Russia.
West Germany/Reunited Germany had its original sin with this Kosovo affair and our federal constitutional court threw officers under the bus who had correctly and valiantly refused orders to participate in this aggression.
Afghanistan was invaded in 2001. It was no a clean self-defence by a long shot, as the Taleban were never killing anyone outside of Afghanistan and Pakistan, but most if not all countries kinda understood and tolerated the American rage.
Once more, NATO was brought into the conflict for absolutely no need, and very contrary to the North Atlantic Treaty, but by this point nobody seemed to care about the treaty any more. The idea of what NATO is or should be had been warped beyond recognition. The craze about the Taleban who had merely granted hospitality to UBL who helped them in their civil war lasted for two decades and very recently the U.S. government stole billions of dollars owned by the Afghan government. It appears as if they are bound to multi-generational anger about Afghanistan comparable to how they still hate Iran's government for the 1979 embassy crisis.
The Kosovo Air War blueprint of massive campaign of lies, deception and vilification was replayed by the Neocons to lie the U.S. (and the UK under the fool Blair, plus Poland) into a completely unjustified war of aggression against Iraq in 2003 (this time I didn't fall for it at all). Again, they got away with it in the UNSC, but this time the Iraqis made it very expensive for them. The American wars in the Mid East including Afghanistan total exceeds USD 6.5 trillion expenses including long-term costs.
The lying moron did "cruise missile diplomacy" (an aggression) against Syria, and most Americans seem to think he was a peacenik who abstained from aggressions. That's how badly their perception of what constitutes aggression was warped.
Now let's skip the South Ossetia War of 2008 (the Russian Federation was and is an aggressor in both South Ossetia and Abchasia, similar to what the West did in Kosovo), and look at the Russia-Ukraine conflict:
By international law, Ukraine is a sovereign country, including Donezk, Lugansk, Crimea. Its government is legal and legitimate, but that's not even of importance. Even dictatorships are sovereign countries and shall not be attacked under international law.
By international law, Russia is waging a (most of the time limited, as for example no air power was used until 2022) war of aggression against Ukraine.
The outrage is huge in the West.
How could Russia do this? Russia is evil!
Sure, it's evil, but so are we Westerners.
The problem is that the West did not only fail to bolster International law, it systematically disregarded it and preferred "might makes right" for itself.
The U.S. and UK are just as evil as Russia.*
Other European countries stood by, supported or tolerated or sometimes called for the aggressions of the U.S. and UK. Most of "the West" is guilty by association, as much as Germany was involved in starting the First World War by giving the aggressive Austria-Hungary a "blank cheque" that it'll support it in the summer 1914 crisis. Austria-Hungary's behaviour in summer of 1914 was accurately replayed by the Neocons in 2002/2003. All those politicians who like to give speeches about learning from history are cherry pickers.
Now we live in a world where Westerners understand that they aren't the only ones who can exploit such international lawlessness and play "might makes right".
This
is a failure of Western foreign policy, and a well-deserved disgrace
on the Western world. Putin would have had much more to fear if he ruled Russia in a world that had become accustomed to international law being followed by great powers for three decades. Now instead, he can rest assured that Western hypocrisy has dulled the blade of international law and his aggression will be tolerated by most of the world just as were Western aggressions.
Maybe we can push back the warmongers and launch another push for international law (for real), but it will be too late for Ukraine. Russia will at the very least (in my opinion) keep parts of Ukraine occupied and an open wound that very much prevents its accession into NATO, similar to what it does to Georgia.
It's much more likely that the warmongers who in large part got us into this messy, lawless world will feel an updraft and there will be more interventions and more military spending.
I hate warmongers and defense with an "s" hawks.
S O
*: France is a trickier case, and I dismiss Poland's participation in the war of aggression against Iraq as a one-off.
The Romans summarized it like this: What is permissible for Jupiter may not be permissible for a bull.
ReplyDeleteRussia considers itself a great power and above the law like other great powers. Laws are for countries that failed to become great powers.
International law is unlike national law, because there's no supreme power enforcing it against great powers, making it merely a rule of habits.
What conclusions can be drawn from this event? Will the occupation of Ukraine serve as a blueprint for Taiwan?
Which military vulnerabilities does it show? Will Germany arm up?
@Krt: "Will the occupation of Ukraine serve as a blueprint for Taiwan?"
ReplyDeleteNo. Under the UN Resolution 2758 the PRC, not the ROC represents China. Further, the One-China policy, and only 13 out of 193 UN member states recognize Taiwan (established 'normal' diplomatic ties) pretty much guarantees that Taiwan is screwed when the PRC decides to seize the island.
Asian Pacific security organizations are ridiculous and even less effective than NATO and the EU. That said, if the PRC seizes Taiwan by force, I fully expect Japan to build nuclear weapons (who could blame them), which will be a huge destabilization.
@Krt: "Will Germany arm up?"
ReplyDeleteI seriously doubt it. I fully expect that by mid-2023, any 'sanctions' will be relaxed so Germany can buy Russian oil and gas. Germany may make some modest increases in defense outlays, but nothing else.
All this will setup another potential conflict in the Balkans when Russia decides to undue Kosovo.
"any 'sanctions' will be relaxed so Germany can buy Russian oil and gas."
ReplyDeleteFor oil (and LNG) there is a global market, your argument is nonsense. Only in case of pipeline NG it has relevance.
The question is what happens if Germany start buying more LNG, which countries are priced out of the market?
@Ulenspiegel: "For oil (and LNG) there is a global market, your argument is nonsense."
DeleteOf course, oil and natural gas are sold on the global market place; now let us remove your ignorance:
- Most natural gas is transported via LNG; how many LNG terminals does Germany have in operation? The answer is none; so how exactly is Germany positioned to participate in the 'global market place for energy' without the facilities to offload and store it?
- Just because a product, service, or commodity is sold on the global market does not mean that it is easy or quick to transition to alternative sources. LNG ports are expensive both in money and in supporting infrastructure. Alternatives present similar issues, for example large electrical substation transformers (300/400 MVA) are custom built devices that can require 18-24-months lead time to build.
- Germany chose to rapidly close its nuclear power plants while transitioning to sustainable energy sources, but planned to rely on Russian NG during the transition. This was a really stupid decision questioned by many for years, but the birds have returned to the roost. Germany now has some soul searching to do with respect to energy policy – it will sort it out, but there will be a lot of (unnecessary) damage in the interim.
Finally, given that energy is sold on the global market, the market will ultimately adjust. Do not worry, the Chinese are happy to buy Russian petrochemicals. However, western Europe's short-sightedness has long-term political consequences. Europe has firmly pushed Russia into the Chinese arms - a place where neither the west, nor the Russians really want to be.
I do not like your disinformation. Particularly the nuclear power nonsense has been repeated over and over again by comment and is annoying.
DeleteA) There are still three nuclear powerplants in operation in Germany.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Kernreaktoren_in_Deutschland
At most six more (commenced operations in the 80's) of about equal output each could reasonably be considered as decommissioned early. All others were ancient and would have gone offline by 2020 (after 42+ years) even according to conservative policy.
Nuclear powerplants are suitable for continuous base load operation, but we need rather backup powerplants for when renewables have little output.
B) Most natural gas is being traded by pipeline. LNG is a rare and very expensive exception.
Importing NG through pipelines from Benelux that was previously landed as LNG is equivalent to having a German LNG port terminal.
BTW, Germany intentionally started using Russian NG during the Cold War to warm it up a bit.
@SO "I do not like your disinformation."
DeleteI am not wrong, and stand by my arguments in spite of ignorance, badgering, and other nastiness from others.
Ref ‘A)’ Germany is closing the last three of its nuclear power plants in 2022 with no replacement. Blather about them being retired early and so forth is just nonsense: those power plants are gone in 2022. “Nuclear power is no longer an issue in Germany. It wouldn’t even be possible to restart the power plants in the short-term,” Markus Krebber, CEO of German energy company RWE AG – ‘German Power Operators Reject Calls to Keep Nuclear Plants Running Despite Ukraine War’ - https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/german-power-operators-reject-calls-to-keep-nuclear-plants-running-despite-ukraine-war-4u3kJkDIz9CSmqYUUviA
Ref 'B)' Yes, most NG is transported via pipeline, however most *international* transport of NG is via LNG. Who are top five producers of NG (the market): 1) USA; 2) Russia; 3) Iran; 4) Canada; and 5) Qatar. It is worth noting that the USA is the energy market outproducing #2 and #3 combined. Ursula von der Leyen, head of the European Commission, confirmed that the European Union is negotiating with the United States to increase gas supplies to Europe, that is *LNG* purchases.
https://www.tellerreport.com/business/2022-02-15-wsj--us-lng-exports-to-europe-exceed-gas-supplies-from-russia.HJeTUTeYkq.html
https://www.naturalgasintel.com/u-s-europe-pledge-cooperation-on-lng-supplies-as-russia-ukraine-tensions-continue/
Apart from Norway, there are no major pipelines to Europe from the world’s largest NG producing nations unless the questionable Russian Nordstream 2 pipeline is completed. Europe, and Germany in particular, are simply not well positioned to participate in the “international market for NG” without further, costly capital investment in appropriate facilities.
https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/02/26/if-the-supply-of-russian-gas-to-europe-were-cut-off-could-lng-plug-the-gap
You can read about U.S. natural gas production here: https://www.energy.gov/fecm/liquefied-natural-gas-lng
And you can see the monthly trends in U.S. exports of LNG here:
https://www.energy.gov/fecm/listings/lng-reports
Shout, call names, wail, or behave like savages, but the reality is that Europe, and Germany in particular, have serious military and broader energy issues. For decades others (including myself) have pointed to these issues: the lack of urgency, and in some cases acknowledgement of the problem by European leadership is stunning. Europe is going to pay a lot more for energy, and those payments are going largely to the USA.
GAB
Disinformation 1 "Germany chose to rapidly close its nuclear power plants": 11 years after Fukushima disaster there are still three nuclear powerplants in operation in Germany. That's not rapid at all.
DeleteDisinformation 2: "Most natural gas is transported via LNG" and "most *international* transport of NG is via LNG" Even the moved goalpost is wrong.
global NG trade 2020: 1.2 Tcm (1.2 trillion m^3 = 900 million metric tons)
https://www.iea.org/reports/natural-gas-information-overview/imports
of which global LNG trade 2020: 356 million metric tons
https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/lng/013122-global-lng-trade-growth-expected-to-slow-to-4-in-2022-iea
"Finally, given that energy is sold on the global market, the market will ultimately adjust. Do not worry, the Chinese are happy to buy Russian petrochemicals. However, western Europe's short-sightedness has long-term political consequences. Europe has firmly pushed Russia into the Chinese arms - a place where neither the west, nor the Russians really want to be."
DeleteA lot of nonsense. An European energy transition kills demand for NG and oil. I give a damn whether China buys the stuff or not in the long term.
In the short term oil market will adjust, NG market too.
You are obviously ingorant in respect to energy transition and nuclear power, do your homework then come back. ATM you are talking nonsens.
Calm down, guys.
DeleteThe Russians cannot easily export NG to China because they don't have the infrastructure for it. They will keep exporting some NG to the West (including to Ukraine, indirectly), but the transition away from NG has been initiated years ago. NG was merely pushed as a transition energy source until we can store renewable energy and have some sufficient replacement for NG (other than fossil oil) in regard to heating.
"The Russians cannot easily export NG to China because they don't have the infrastructure for it."
DeleteThe have pipelines to China, however, these pipelines cost 5 times the amount they spent for NS1/2 and can only operated at 70% of the presure of NS1/2. Therefore, transporting one unit NG to China is around 7 times as expensive as transporting the same unit to central Europe.
For LNG (Russia has facilities) there is of course a global market.
The question is, what happens if Germany decides to substitute around 50% of the imports from Russia with LNG.
Russian pipeline gas exports to China are likely already at capacity, and that was projected to be 15 Bcmpa this year.
Deletehttps://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/120219-russia-starts-gas-deliveries-to-china-via-power-of-siberia
Meanwhile, the pipelines to the West have more than 230 Bcmpa capacity.
http://cdn.statcdn.com/Infographic/images/normal/26769.jpeg
The Russians cannot really shift NG exports from Western Europe & Turkey to China. That would take 10+ years of extreme infrastructure efforts.
And their LNG export capacity exists, but who would buy? The West, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Australia would be disinterested. The CHinese have many LNG import terminals, but they would rip the Russians off if they're in a buyer's market.
https://jpt.spe.org/russian-lng-aims-high-leveraging-big-reserves-and-logistical-advantages
And look at how insanely expensive LNG export terminals are (and who knows what sanctioned Western tech imports they require). USD 21 bn for one big LNG export terminal. Russia cannot dish out USD 200 billion just to restore its NG export ability, expecting to be ripped off by the Chinese.
Russia's trade will likely collapse in the next couple years. They have little more than raw materials (mostly oil and gas) exports.
That the Chinese would be paying not much for Russian LNG is clear, but it still offers a market with some income for Russia, and China needs NG.
DeleteBut again, the really interesting question is how much of the German demand covered by Russian NG could be substituted with LNG and how would this impact the global LNG market. Here it is hard to get data which are not behind a paywall.
That the Russion economy will have issues within the next two decades was already so obvious that even the EU published it in official papers. :-))
I think this would be an opportunity to invest in renovable power sources and to achieve more independence from oil and gas producers like EEUU, Saudi Arabia and company.
ReplyDeleteWith the same investment France is using to build its new nuclear plants (12700 millions and counting) it would be possible to build many electric storage facilities and the matching solar and wind production.
And to invest also in domestic semiconductor capability, by the way.
JM
"With the same investment France is using to build its new nuclear plants (12700 millions and counting)"
ReplyDeleteFrance has 58 GW of NPPs which are on average 40 years old and which have to be replaced until 2040 only to maintain the status quo. When France now anounces the construction of 14 new reactors (each of ~1.6 GW = 22 GW) then France is actually talking about a reduction of its reactor fleet by more than 60%, that is in best case managed decline.
Nuclear powerlants are nightmarishingly expensive anyway, even without requiring them to have a proper insurance coverage. It also takes well over ten years to build one.
Deletehttps://www.thelocal.fr/20191028/french-nuclear-power-plant-is-seven-years-late-and-costs-have-tripled/
The pro-nuclear fanbois don't do the math. Wind and solar are much more economical, we merely need to develop and install the power storage capacity to bridge the days (and nights) when they don't produce enough. There's about a dozen technical ways to do so, and we're trying to figure out which is the best for large scale deployment. Redox flow batteries look fine.
IMHO France has painted herself into a corner, the "expertise" in the nuclear field has limited economic value and in case of alternatives, here wind power would be the most important for France, Denmark has more industrial capacity and know-how than France.
Delete